在當前追求清潔能源、推動可持續(xù)發(fā)展的大背景下，租賃屋頂安裝光伏逐漸走進大眾視野，成為不少業(yè)主和企業(yè)關注的投資選擇。但這項業(yè)務是否靠譜，需從多個維度深入剖析。

In the current context of pursuing clean energy and promoting sustainable development, renting roofs to install photovoltaics has gradually entered the public eye and become an investment choice of concern for many homeowners and enterprises. But whether this business is reliable or not requires in-depth analysis from multiple dimensions.

收益回報層面

On the level of return on investment

從收益角度來看，租賃屋頂安裝光伏存在可觀的獲利空間。對于屋頂業(yè)主而言，將閑置屋頂出租，每年可獲得一筆穩(wěn)定的租金收入。租金價格通常根據(jù)屋頂面積、所在地區(qū)光照條件等因素確定，一般每平方米每年租金在 20 - 50 元不等。例如，在光照資源豐富的地區(qū)，若有一處 1000 平方米的屋頂，每年僅租金收入就可達 2 - 5 萬元。同時，若屋頂業(yè)主自身用電量大，還可享受光伏發(fā)電的優(yōu)惠電價，進一步降低用電成本。

From a revenue perspective, there is considerable profit potential in leasing roofs to install photovoltaics. For rooftop owners, renting out idle roofs can provide a stable annual rental income. The rental price is usually determined based on factors such as roof area and lighting conditions in the area, with an annual rent ranging from 20-50 yuan per square meter. For example, in areas with abundant lighting resources, if there is a 1000 square meter roof, the annual rental income alone can reach 20000 to 50000 yuan. At the same time, if the rooftop owner consumes a large amount of electricity themselves, they can also enjoy preferential electricity prices for photovoltaic power generation, further reducing electricity costs.

對于投資安裝光伏系統(tǒng)的企業(yè)，通過將光伏發(fā)電上網(wǎng)賣給電網(wǎng)公司，可獲取售電收益。以一個裝機容量為 100 千瓦的光伏電站為例，假設當?shù)毓庹粘渥?，年發(fā)電小時數(shù)可達 1200 小時以上，每度電上網(wǎng)電價按 0.8 元計算（含補貼），每年發(fā)電收益可達 9.6 萬元左右?？鄢O備投資、運維成本等，在電站長達 25 年左右的使用壽命周期內，有望獲得較為豐厚的利潤回報。

For enterprises investing in the installation of photovoltaic systems, selling photovoltaic power generation to grid companies can generate electricity sales revenue. Taking a photovoltaic power station with an installed capacity of 100 kilowatts as an example, assuming sufficient local sunlight and an annual power generation hours of over 1200 hours, the on grid electricity price per kilowatt hour is calculated at 0.8 yuan (including subsidies), and the annual power generation revenue can reach about 96000 yuan. Deducting equipment investment, operation and maintenance costs, etc., the power station is expected to obtain relatively substantial profit returns during its service life of about 25 years.

合作模式解析

Analysis of Cooperation Mode

在合作模式上，常見的有合同能源管理（EMC）和屋頂租賃兩種。合同能源管理模式下，光伏投資企業(yè)負責電站的投資、建設、運營和維護，屋頂業(yè)主無需投入資金，只需提供屋頂。雙方按約定比例分享發(fā)電收益，這種模式能讓屋頂業(yè)主零成本享受光伏帶來的節(jié)能效益和額外收入。屋頂租賃模式則較為簡單直接，業(yè)主將屋頂出租給光伏企業(yè)，定期收取租金，電站的運營收益全部歸光伏企業(yè)所有。這兩種模式各有優(yōu)劣，業(yè)主可根據(jù)自身需求和實際情況選擇。

In terms of cooperation modes, there are two common ones: energy performance contracting (EMC) and rooftop leasing. Under the contract energy management mode, photovoltaic investment enterprises are responsible for the investment, construction, operation, and maintenance of the power station. Rooftop owners do not need to invest funds, only need to provide the roof. Both parties share the power generation revenue according to the agreed proportion, which allows rooftop owners to enjoy the energy-saving benefits and additional income brought by photovoltaics at zero cost. The roof rental model is relatively simple and direct, where the owner rents out the roof to a photovoltaic company and collects rent regularly. The operating income of the power station belongs entirely to the photovoltaic company. These two modes have their own advantages and disadvantages, and homeowners can choose according to their own needs and actual situation.

風險因素考量

Risk factor considerations

然而，租賃屋頂安裝光伏也并非毫無風險。一方面，光伏電站的發(fā)電效率受天氣、光照等自然因素影響較大。若遇到連續(xù)陰雨天氣或當?shù)乜諝赓|量不佳導致光照強度減弱，發(fā)電量會明顯下降，進而影響收益。另一方面，光伏設備存在一定的故障率，雖然隨著技術進步，設備可靠性不斷提高，但仍可能出現(xiàn)逆變器故障、組件損壞等問題，維修成本和停機時間會對投資回報產生不利影響。此外，政策風險也不容忽視，國家對光伏發(fā)電的補貼政策可能會調整，上網(wǎng)電價也可能波動，這都可能影響項目的整體收益。

However, renting roofs to install photovoltaics is not without risks. On the one hand, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power plants is greatly affected by natural factors such as weather and lighting. If there is continuous rainy weather or poor local air quality leading to a decrease in light intensity, the power generation will significantly decrease, thereby affecting revenue. On the other hand, photovoltaic equipment has a certain failure rate. Although the reliability of equipment continues to improve with technological progress, problems such as inverter failures and component damage may still occur. Maintenance costs and downtime will have a negative impact on investment returns. In addition, policy risks cannot be ignored. The subsidy policy for photovoltaic power generation by the government may be adjusted, and the on grid electricity price may also fluctuate, which may affect the overall revenue of the project.

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