光伏發(fā)電電池種類介紹：

　　Introduction to types of photovoltaic power generation cells:

　　P型電池：在p型半導體材料上擴散硼元素，形成n /p型結(jié)構的太陽電池即為P型硅片，以這種材料制作的光伏電池稱為P型電池；P型電池是目前主流電池工藝，具有制作工藝簡單，成本較低優(yōu)點，缺點最高效率有其固有瓶頸。

　　P-type solar cell: A solar cell with an n/p-type structure formed by diffusing boron elements onto p-type semiconductor materials is called a P-type silicon wafer. Photovoltaic cells made from this material are called P-type cells; P-type batteries are currently the mainstream battery technology, with the advantages of simple manufacturing process and low cost, but the disadvantages of high efficiency are inherent bottlenecks.

　　N型電池：在N型半導體材料上注入磷元素，形成p /n型結(jié)構的太陽電池即為N型硅片；N型電池電池效率可以做得更?，但是?藝更加復雜，目前越來越多的企業(yè)生產(chǎn)N型電池，有望成為未來的主流技術。

　　N-type solar cell: A solar cell with a p/n structure formed by injecting phosphorus into N-type semiconductor material is called an N-type silicon wafer; Can the efficiency of N-type batteries be improved?, But what? Art is becoming more complex, and more and more companies are producing N-type batteries, which are expected to become the mainstream technology in the future.

　　異質(zhì)結(jié)（HJT/HIT）電池：全稱為本征薄膜異質(zhì)結(jié)電池，是一種高效新型晶硅太陽能電池結(jié)構，利用晶體硅基板和非晶硅薄膜制成的混合型太陽能電池，即在P型氫化非晶硅和N型氫化非晶硅與N型硅襯底之間增加一層非摻雜（本征）氫化非晶硅薄膜。異質(zhì)結(jié)電池它由于其獨特的雙面對稱結(jié)構及非晶硅層優(yōu)秀的鈍化效果，具備著轉(zhuǎn)換效率高、雙面率高、幾乎無光致衰減、溫度特性良好、可使用薄硅片、可疊加鈣鈦礦等優(yōu)勢，同時其制造工藝流程較短，近年來發(fā)展很快，在未來普及程度較高。TOPCon電池：是一種基于選擇性載流子原理的隧穿氧化層鈍化接觸的太陽能電池。

　　Heterojunction (HJT/HIT) cell, also known as intrinsic thin film heterojunction cell, is an efficient new type of crystalline silicon solar cell structure. It is a hybrid solar cell made of crystalline silicon substrate and amorphous silicon thin film, which adds an undoped (intrinsic) hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film between P-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon and N-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon and N-type silicon substrate. Heterojunction cells, due to their unique double-sided symmetrical structure and excellent passivation effect of amorphous silicon layers, have advantages such as high conversion efficiency, high double-sided rate, almost no photo induced attenuation, good temperature characteristics, the ability to use thin silicon wafers, and the ability to stack perovskite. At the same time, their manufacturing process is relatively short, and they have developed rapidly in recent years, with a high level of popularity in the future. TOPCon battery: It is a solar cell based on the principle of selective charge carriers, which uses tunneling oxide layer passivation contact.

　　Topcon電池結(jié)構為N型硅襯底電池，在電池背面制備一層超薄氧化硅，然后再沉積一層摻雜硅薄層，二者共同形成了鈍化接觸結(jié)構，有效降低表面復合和金屬接觸復合。具有高轉(zhuǎn)換效率、低內(nèi)部短路、高溫度穩(wěn)定性和弱光性能優(yōu)異等優(yōu)點的新型太陽能電池。在未來，隨著光伏技術的不斷進步，Topcon電池有望在更廣泛的領域得到應用。

　　The Topcon battery structure is an N-type silicon substrate battery. A layer of ultra-thin silicon oxide is prepared on the back of the battery, and then a thin layer of doped silicon is deposited. The two together form a passive contact structure, effectively reducing surface recombination and metal contact recombination. A new type of solar cell with high conversion efficiency, low internal short circuit, high temperature stability, and excellent low light performance. In the future, with the continuous advancement of photovoltaic technology, Topcon cells are expected to be applied in a wider range of fields.

　　銅銦鎵硒(CIGS)薄膜太陽能電池：由四種元素銅、銦、鎵、硒作為功能層，同時在柔性襯底沉積其他功能層制備而成，只要幾微米薄就可以和傳統(tǒng)的厚重的硅電池板一樣發(fā)電。CIGS電池具有性能穩(wěn)定、抗輻射能力強，光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率高，，接近于目前市場主流產(chǎn)品晶體硅太陽電池轉(zhuǎn)換效率，成本卻是其1/3。正是因為其性能優(yōu)異被國際上稱為下一代的廉價太陽電池，無論是在地面陽光發(fā)電還是在空間微小衛(wèi)星動力電源的應用上具有廣闊的市場前景。

　　Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cell: It is prepared by using four elements copper, indium, gallium, and selenium as functional layers, and depositing other functional layers on a flexible substrate. As long as it is a few microns thin, it can generate electricity like traditional thick silicon solar panels. CIGS cells have stable performance, strong radiation resistance, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and are close to the conversion efficiency of mainstream products in the market, such as crystalline silicon solar cells. However, their cost is only one-third of that. It is precisely because of its excellent performance that it is internationally known as the next generation of low-cost solar cells, which have broad market prospects in both ground solar power generation and space micro satellite power supply applications.

　　砷化鎵電池：簡稱GaAs，是一種高效率、高穩(wěn)定性的太陽能電池。它采用砷化鎵材料作為光伏層，具有較高的太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換效率，并且在高溫和高輻射環(huán)境下具有較好的穩(wěn)定性。其原理是砷化鎵太陽能電池的光伏轉(zhuǎn)換層主要由砷化鎵半導體材料構成。當太陽光照射到砷化鎵層上時，光子能量激發(fā)了砷化鎵中價帶變成了導帶的電子，從而產(chǎn)生了光生電子空穴對，這些電子空穴對被捕獲并輸送到電極，形成電流。砷化鎵太陽電池是一種高效、高速響應、光譜響應寬、適用于各種光照條件的太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換器。盡管成本較高，但其應用前景廣闊，將在未來的可再生能源發(fā)展中扮演重要的角色。

　　Gallium arsenide battery, abbreviated as GaAs, is a highly efficient and stable solar cell. It uses gallium arsenide material as the photovoltaic layer, which has high solar conversion efficiency and good stability in high temperature and high radiation environments. The principle is that the photovoltaic conversion layer of gallium arsenide solar cells is mainly composed of gallium arsenide semiconductor materials. When sunlight shines on the gallium arsenide layer, photon energy excites electrons in the valence band of gallium arsenide to become conduction bands, thereby generating photo generated electron hole pairs. These electron hole pairs are captured and transported to the electrode, forming an electric current. Gallium arsenide solar cells are a highly efficient, high-speed responsive, broad-spectrum solar converter suitable for various lighting conditions. Despite its high cost, it has broad application prospects and will play an important role in the future development of renewable energy.

　　碲化鎘電池：簡稱CdTe電池，以碲化鎘薄膜為主要功能層的薄膜太陽能電池。主要由p型碲化鎘、n型鎘（硫化鎘）薄膜、透明電極、背電極、玻璃基底等組成。其光吸收率高，轉(zhuǎn)換效率高，性能穩(wěn)定，生產(chǎn)成本遠低于其他材料的太陽能電池，便于規(guī)?；a(chǎn)，有望成為未來的主導新能源之一。

　　Cadmium telluride cell: abbreviated as CdTe cell, a thin-film solar cell with cadmium telluride thin film as the main functional layer. It is mainly composed of p-type cadmium telluride, n-type cadmium (cadmium sulfide) thin film, transparent electrode, back electrode, glass substrate, etc. Its high light absorption rate, high conversion efficiency, stable performance, and production cost are much lower than other materials of solar cells, making it easy to scale production and expected to become one of the leading new energy sources in the future.

　　鈣鈦礦電池：鈣鈦礦型太陽能電池（perovskite solar cells），是利用鈣鈦礦型的有機金屬鹵化物半導體作為吸光材料的太陽能電池，屬于第三代太陽能電池，也稱作新概念太陽能電池。轉(zhuǎn)換性能優(yōu)異、成本低廉、商業(yè)價值巨大，是目前研究的熱點。目前各種技術路線的太陽能電池都在進行創(chuàng)新，不斷的降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高轉(zhuǎn)化效率，技術發(fā)展很快，各種新型技術不斷涌現(xiàn)。

　　Perovskite solar cells: Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite type organic metal halide semiconductors as light absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also known as new concept solar cells. Excellent conversion performance, low cost, and enormous commercial value are currently hot research topics. At present, various technological routes of solar cells are undergoing innovation, continuously reducing production costs and improving conversion efficiency. The technology is developing rapidly, and various new technologies are constantly emerging.

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