一、可行性分析（Feasibility Analysis）

　　在考慮安裝廠房屋頂光伏之前，需要進(jìn)行可行性分析。主要包括產(chǎn)權(quán)問題、屋面位置的選取、傾角與朝向的確定，以及陰影問題的評(píng)估等。通過可行性分析，確保屋面的特征與電池板的性能相匹配，以達(dá)到更高的發(fā)電效益。Before considering installing photovoltaic panels on the factory roof, a feasibility analysis is needed. It mainly includes issues such as property rights, selection of roof location, determination of inclination and orientation, and assessment of shadow problems. Through feasibility analysis, ensure that the characteristics of the roof match the performance of the battery panels to achieve higher power generation efficiency.

　　以下是可行性分析的具體事項(xiàng)：

　　1、產(chǎn)權(quán)問題（Property Rights Issue）

　　工商業(yè)屋頂安裝光伏發(fā)電的一個(gè)突出的問題是屋頂或場(chǎng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)問題，由于光伏發(fā)電使用壽命長(zhǎng)，投資成本也高。在產(chǎn)權(quán)不明晰的場(chǎng)地或屋頂建設(shè)光伏發(fā)電站會(huì)給電站建成后的使用和收益產(chǎn)生很多不確定因素。因此在建設(shè)工商業(yè)電站前期一定要充分做好場(chǎng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)、靜態(tài)投資和運(yùn)維投入、收益分配、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)等一系列可行性分析，制定好切實(shí)可行的解決方案。One prominent issue in installing photovoltaic power generation on industrial and commercial roofs is the problem of roof or site property rights. Due to the long service life of photovoltaic power generation, the investment cost is also high. Building a photovoltaic power station on a site or roof with unclear property rights will bring many uncertain factors to the use and income after the power station is completed. Therefore, in the early stage of building an industrial and commercial power station, a series of feasibility analyses such as site property rights, static investment and operation and maintenance input, income distribution, and risk assumption must be fully done, and a practical solution must be formulated.

　　2、屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)評(píng)估（Roof Structure Assessment）

　　在進(jìn)行光伏安裝之前，需要對(duì)廠房屋頂?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行評(píng)估，以確保其能夠承受光伏系統(tǒng)的重量和負(fù)荷。這包括檢查屋頂?shù)膹?qiáng)度、平整度和穩(wěn)定性等因素。如果屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)存在問題，則需要進(jìn)行修復(fù)或加固，以確保其能夠安全地承載光伏系統(tǒng)。Before installing photovoltaic panels, the structure of the factory roof needs to be evaluated to ensure that it can bear the weight and load of the photovoltaic system. This includes checking factors such as the strength, flatness, and stability of the roof. If there are problems with the roof structure, it needs to be repaired or strengthened to ensure that it can safely carry the photovoltaic system.

　　3、屋頂支架（Roof Bracket）

　　建筑屋頂主要有彩鋼瓦、陶瓷瓦、鋼混等幾種，彩鋼瓦分為直立鎖邊型、咬口型、卡扣型、固定件連接型。前兩種需要專用轉(zhuǎn)接件，后兩種需要打孔固定；陶瓷瓦屋面可以使用專用轉(zhuǎn)接件，也可以不與屋面固定，利用自重和屋面坡度附著其上；鋼混結(jié)構(gòu)屋面需要制作支架基礎(chǔ)，基礎(chǔ)與屋面可以生根也可以不生根，關(guān)鍵考慮屋面防水、抗風(fēng)載能力、屋面設(shè)計(jì)荷載等因素。There are several types of building roofs, mainly including color steel tiles, ceramic tiles, and reinforced concrete. Color steel tiles are divided into standing seam type, snap-lock type, buckle type, and fixed part connection type. The first two types require special adapters, and the latter two types need to be fixed by drilling holes; for ceramic tile roofs, special adapters can be used, or they can be not fixed to the roof and attached to it by using self-weight and roof slope; for reinforced concrete structure roofs, bracket foundations need to be made. The foundation and the roof can be rooted or not. Key factors to consider include roof waterproofing, wind load resistance ability, and roof design load.

　　4、環(huán)境因素（Environmental Factors）

　　在選擇支架系統(tǒng)時(shí)，還需要考慮當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境因素，例如風(fēng)雪、降雨等自然災(zāi)害。為了保護(hù)光伏面板和支架系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)該根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境條件選擇耐用、抗風(fēng)雪、防腐蝕、抗銹蝕等特性的支架系統(tǒng)。同時(shí)，在支架系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和安裝過程中，需要考慮當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)速、降雨量、積雪深度等因素，以確保支架系統(tǒng)能夠在惡劣天氣條件下穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，并最大程度地減少損壞和維修成本。When choosing a bracket system, local environmental factors such as natural disasters such as wind, snow, and rain also need to be considered. In order to protect photovoltaic panels and bracket systems, a bracket system with characteristics such as durability, resistance to wind and snow, corrosion resistance, and rust resistance should be selected according to local environmental conditions. At the same time, in the design and installation process of the bracket system, factors such as local wind speed, rainfall, and snow depth need to be considered to ensure that the bracket system can operate stably under harsh weather conditions and minimize damage and maintenance costs.

　　二、項(xiàng)目預(yù)算（Project Budget）

　　廠房屋頂光伏的安裝需要一定的經(jīng)費(fèi)，預(yù)算需要考慮光伏電池板的成本、構(gòu)架及支架的價(jià)格以及安裝費(fèi)用（如施工費(fèi)、運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用等），同時(shí)還需要根據(jù)項(xiàng)目的大小和規(guī)模來制定詳細(xì)的財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理方案，確保項(xiàng)目經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最大化。The installation of photovoltaic panels on factory roofs requires a certain amount of funds. The budget needs to consider the cost of photovoltaic panels, the price of frameworks and brackets, and installation costs (such as construction costs, transportation costs, etc.). At the same time, a detailed financial plan and risk management plan need to be formulated according to the size and scale of the project to ensure the maximization of project economic benefits.

　　三、政策和環(huán)境法規(guī)（Policies and Environmental Regulations）

　　各地為了推動(dòng)分布式光伏發(fā)展，紛紛出臺(tái)省級(jí)、市級(jí)甚至縣級(jí)的扶持政策。項(xiàng)目開發(fā)人員在項(xiàng)目開發(fā)前期需提前需熟悉這些政策，作為目前還需政府補(bǔ)貼發(fā)展的光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)，補(bǔ)貼政策的好壞直接影響了分布式的收益，因此當(dāng)?shù)卣吆玫姆植际巾?xiàng)目宜優(yōu)先開發(fā)。In order to promote the development of distributed photovoltaic power, various places have successively introduced support policies at the provincial, municipal, and even county levels. Project developers need to be familiar with these policies in advance in the early stage of project development. As the photovoltaic industry still needs government subsidies for development, the quality of subsidy policies directly affects the income of distributed projects. Therefore, distributed projects with good local policies should be developed preferentially.

　　配電設(shè)備是光伏電站選擇并網(wǎng)方案的根據(jù)之一，主要考查內(nèi)容有：1) 廠區(qū)變壓器容量、數(shù)量、母聯(lián)、負(fù)荷比例等；2) 廠區(qū)計(jì)量表位置、母排規(guī)格、開關(guān)規(guī)格型號(hào)等；3) 廠區(qū)是否配備獨(dú)立的配電室，是否配電設(shè)備是否有備用的間隔，如沒有是否可以壓接母排；4) 優(yōu)先選擇變壓器總?cè)萘看?，?fù)荷比例大的用戶；5) 查看進(jìn)線總開關(guān)的容量，考慮收益問題，光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的輸出電流不宜大于戶用開關(guān)的容量；6) 以走線方便節(jié)約的原則，考慮逆變器、并網(wǎng)柜的安裝位置。Distribution equipment is one of the bases for photovoltaic power stations to choose grid-connected schemes. The main inspection contents are: 1) Transformer capacity, quantity, bus tie, load ratio, etc. in the plant area; 2) Location of the plant area meter, busbar specifications, switch specifications and models, etc.; 3) Whether the plant area is equipped with an independent power distribution room, and whether there is a spare bay for power distribution equipment. If not, can the busbar be crimped? 4) Priority is given to users with large total transformer capacity and large load ratio; 5) Check the capacity of the main incoming switch. Considering income issues, the output current of the photovoltaic power generation system should not be greater than the capacity of the household switch; 6) According to the principle of convenient wiring and saving, consider the installation location of inverters and grid-connected cabinets.