集中式大型并網(wǎng)光伏電站一般是國家級電站，主要特點是將所發(fā)電能直接輸送到電網(wǎng)，由電網(wǎng)統(tǒng)一調(diào)配向用戶供電。特點是占地面積大、輸送距離遠(yuǎn)、投資大、建設(shè)周期長。

Centralized large-scale grid connected photovoltaic power stations are generally national level power stations, with the main feature of directly transmitting the generated energy to the power grid, which is uniformly distributed by the power grid to supply power to users. The characteristics are large footprint, long transportation distance, high investment, and long construction period.

詳細(xì)來說，是將光伏陣列安裝于山地、水面、荒漠等較為寬闊的地域，陽光照射后光伏陣列可產(chǎn)生直流電，逆變器再將直流電轉(zhuǎn)變成交流電后，經(jīng)由升壓站接入電網(wǎng)。集中式光伏電站的規(guī)模普遍較大，一般均在10MW以上，且目前100MW以上的特大型光伏電站逐漸增多。

Specifically, it involves installing photovoltaic arrays in wider areas such as mountains, water surfaces, and deserts. When exposed to sunlight, the photovoltaic arrays can generate direct current, which is then converted into alternating current by an inverter and connected to the power grid through a booster station. The scale of centralized photovoltaic power stations is generally large, usually above 10MW, and currently there is an increasing number of super large photovoltaic power stations above 100MW.

集中式光伏的三個核心要素是土地、資金與指標(biāo)。集中式光伏電站項目開發(fā)規(guī)模大，通常占用土地、水面等，地面式選址選項多，且不斷拓展出新的用地模式，地面式選址集中在山體、灘涂、沼澤、戈壁、沙漠、受污染土地等閑置或廢棄土地上。一經(jīng)完成相關(guān)手續(xù)建設(shè)完成可持續(xù)享受國家標(biāo)桿電價補貼，因此收益穩(wěn)定。

The three core elements of centralized photovoltaics are land, funding, and indicators. The development scale of centralized photovoltaic power station projects is large, usually occupying land, water surface, etc. There are many options for ground based site selection, and new land use models are constantly developed. Ground based site selection focuses on idle or abandoned land such as mountains, mudflat, marshes, gobi, deserts, and polluted land. Once the relevant procedures are completed and the construction is completed, sustainable access to national benchmark electricity price subsidies can be enjoyed, resulting in stable income.

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集中式光伏并網(wǎng)電站的分類

Classification of centralized photovoltaic grid connected power stations

（一）大型荒漠地面并網(wǎng)光伏電站

（1） Large scale desert ground grid connected photovoltaic power station

大型荒漠地面并網(wǎng)光伏電站是利用廣闊平坦的荒漠地面資源開發(fā)的光伏電站,該類電站規(guī)模大，一般大于6MW，電站逆變輸出經(jīng)過升壓后直接饋入35kV、110kV、220kV或更高電壓等級的高壓輸電網(wǎng)，因該類電站所處環(huán)境地勢平坦，光伏組件朝向一致，無遮擋，故多采用集中式逆變器。

Large scale desert ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations are photovoltaic power stations developed using vast and flat desert ground resources. These power stations have a large scale, generally greater than 6MW. The inverter output of the power station is directly fed into high-voltage transmission networks of 35kV, 110kV, 220kV or higher voltage levels after being boosted. Due to the flat terrain and consistent orientation of the photovoltaic modules, centralized inverters are often used.

大型荒漠地面并網(wǎng)光伏電站的主要特點是運維更經(jīng)濟、方便，采用集中式逆變器控制更能滿足電網(wǎng)的接入要求。該類電站是我國光伏電站的主力,主要集中在西部地區(qū)。

The main characteristics of large-scale desert ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations are more economical and convenient operation and maintenance, and the use of centralized inverter control can better meet the requirements of grid connection. This type of power station is the main force of photovoltaic power stations in China, mainly concentrated in the western region.

（二）大型山丘地面并網(wǎng)光伏電站

（2） Large scale hill ground grid connected photovoltaic power station

大型山丘地面并網(wǎng)光伏電站是指利用山地、丘陵等資源開發(fā)的光伏電站，它又可以分為光伏組件朝向不一致或存在早晚遮擋問題的大型山丘地面并網(wǎng)光伏電站和地形非常復(fù)雜的大型山丘地面并網(wǎng)光伏電站。

Large scale hill ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations refer to photovoltaic power stations developed using resources such as mountains and hills. They can be divided into large-scale hill ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations with inconsistent orientation of photovoltaic modules or problems of morning and evening obstruction, and large-scale hill ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations with very complex terrain.

該類光伏電站規(guī)模大小不一，從幾兆瓦到上百兆瓦不等，發(fā)電以并入高壓電網(wǎng)為主，受地形影響，多有光伏組件朝向不一致或早晚遮擋問題，因此這類電站的逆變器多采用具備MPPT模式的集中式逆變器，每路MPPT能夠跟蹤100多千瓦的光伏組件，將同一朝向的光伏組件設(shè)計成一串，大大提升了施工便利性并有效解決了朝向和遮擋問題，同時共交流母線輸出，具備集中式逆變器電網(wǎng)友好性特點。

The scale of this type of photovoltaic power station varies from a few megawatts to hundreds of megawatts, and the power generation is mainly integrated into the high-voltage power grid. Due to the influence of terrain, there are often problems with inconsistent orientation or morning and evening obstruction of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, the inverters of this type of power station mostly use centralized inverters with MPPT mode. Each MPPT can track more than 100 kilowatts of photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic modules with the same orientation are designed as a string, greatly improving construction convenience and effectively solving orientation and obstruction problems. At the same time, they share AC bus output, which has the characteristics of centralized inverter grid friendliness.

集中式光伏的優(yōu)缺點

Advantages and disadvantages of centralized photovoltaics

（一）優(yōu)點

（1） Advantages

1、由于選址更加靈活，集中式光伏出力穩(wěn)定性有所增加，并且充分利用太陽輻射與用電負(fù)荷的正調(diào)峰特性，起到削峰的作用。

1. Due to more flexible site selection, the stability of centralized photovoltaic output has been increased, and the positive peak shaving characteristics of solar radiation and electricity load have been fully utilized, playing a role in peak shaving.

2、其運行方式較為靈活，相對于分布式光伏可以更方便地進(jìn)行無功和電壓控制，參加電網(wǎng)頻率調(diào)節(jié)也更容易實現(xiàn)。

2. Its operation mode is more flexible, making it easier to control reactive power and voltage compared to distributed photovoltaics, and it is also easier to participate in grid frequency regulation.

3、建設(shè)周期短，環(huán)境適應(yīng)能力強，不需要水源、燃煤運輸?shù)仍媳Ｕ?，運行成本低，便于集中管理，受到空間的限制小，可以很容易地實現(xiàn)擴容。

3. The construction period is short, the environmental adaptability is strong, there is no need for raw material guarantees such as water sources and coal transportation, the operating cost is low, it is easy to manage centrally, and it is less limited by space, making it easy to achieve expansion.

（二）缺點

（2） Disadvantages

1、需要依賴長距離輸電線路送電入網(wǎng)，同時自身也是電網(wǎng)的一個較大的干擾源，輸電線路的損耗、電壓跌落、無功補償?shù)葐栴}將會凸顯。

1. It is necessary to rely on long-distance transmission lines to deliver electricity to the grid, and at the same time, it is also a major source of interference to the grid. Issues such as transmission line losses, voltage drops, and reactive power compensation will become prominent.

2、大容量的光伏電站由多臺變換裝置組合實現(xiàn)，這些設(shè)備的協(xié)同工作需要進(jìn)行同一管理，目前這方面技術(shù)尚不成熟。

2. Large capacity photovoltaic power plants are realized by combining multiple transformation devices, and the collaborative work of these devices requires the same management. Currently, this technology is not yet mature.

3、為保證電網(wǎng)安全，大容量的集中式光伏接入需要有LVRT等新的功能，這一技術(shù)往往與孤島存在沖突。

3. To ensure the safety of the power grid, high-capacity centralized photovoltaic access requires new functions such as LVRT, which often conflicts with islanding.