什么是光伏發(fā)電?光伏發(fā)電的工作原理光伏發(fā)電是利用半導(dǎo)體界面的光生伏特效應(yīng)而將光能直接轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔艿囊环N技術(shù)。這種技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵元件是太陽能電池。太陽能電池經(jīng)過串聯(lián)后進(jìn)行封裝保護(hù)可形成大面積的太陽電池組件，再配合上功率控制器等部件就形成了光伏發(fā)電裝置。光伏發(fā)電的優(yōu)點是較少受地域限制，因為陽光普照大地;光伏系統(tǒng)還具有安全可靠、無噪聲、低污染、無需消耗燃料和架設(shè)輸電線路即可就地發(fā)電供電及建設(shè)同期短的優(yōu)點。

　　What is photovoltaic power generation? The working principle of photovoltaic power generation is a technology that utilizes the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. The key component of this technology is solar cells. After being connected in series and packaged for protection, solar cells can form large-area solar cell modules, which are combined with power controllers and other components to form photovoltaic power generation devices. The advantage of photovoltaic power generation is that it is less restricted by geographical conditions, as sunlight shines on the earth; Photovoltaic systems also have the advantages of safety, reliability, no noise, low pollution, no need to consume fuel, on-site power generation and short construction period without installing transmission lines.

　　光伏發(fā)電是根據(jù)光生伏特效應(yīng)原理,利用太陽能電池將太陽光能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。不論是獨立使用還是并網(wǎng)發(fā)電,光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要由太陽能電池板(組件)、控制器和逆變器三大部分組成，它們主要由電子元器件構(gòu)成，不涉及機械部件,所以,光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備極為精煉,可靠穩(wěn)定壽命長、安裝維護(hù)簡便。理論上講,光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)可以用于任何需要電源的場合,上至航天器,下至家用電源,大到兆瓦級電站,小到玩具,光伏電源無處不在。太陽能光伏發(fā)電的最基本元件是太陽能電池(片)，有單晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅和薄膜電池等。目前，單晶和多晶電池用量最大，非晶電池用于一些小系統(tǒng)和計算器輔助電源等。

　　Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electricity. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, photovoltaic power generation systems mainly consist of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers, and inverters. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical components. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable, with a long lifespan and easy installation and maintenance. In theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation that requires power, from spacecraft to household power sources, from megawatt level power plants to toys, photovoltaic power is everywhere. The most basic component of solar photovoltaic power generation is solar cells, including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and thin-film cells. At present, single crystal and polycrystalline batteries have the largest usage, while amorphous batteries are used for some small systems and auxiliary power supplies for calculators.

　　國產(chǎn)晶體硅電池效率在10至13%左右，國外同類產(chǎn)品效率約12至14%。由一個或多個太陽能電池片組成的太陽能電池板稱為光伏組件。目前，光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)品主要用于三大方面:一是為無電場合提供電源，主要為廣大無電地區(qū)居民生活生產(chǎn)提供電力，還有微波中繼電源、通訊電源等，另外，還包括一些移動電源和備用電源;二是太陽能日用電子產(chǎn)品，如各類太陽能充電器、太陽能路燈和太陽能草坪燈等;三是并網(wǎng)發(fā)電，這在發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)大面積推廣實施。我國并網(wǎng)發(fā)電還未起步，不過，2008年北京奧運會部分用電將會由太陽能發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電提供。

　　The efficiency of domestically produced crystalline silicon batteries is around 10% to 13%, while the efficiency of similar foreign products is about 12% to 14%. A solar panel composed of one or more solar cells is called a photovoltaic module. At present, photovoltaic power generation products are mainly used in three aspects: firstly, to provide power for non electric fields, mainly for the daily life and production of residents in non electric areas, as well as microwave relay power, communication power, etc. In addition, it also includes some mobile power sources and backup power sources; The second is solar powered daily electronic products, such as various solar chargers, solar street lights, and solar lawn lights; The third is grid connected power generation, which has been widely promoted and implemented in developed countries. China's grid connected power generation has not yet started, but some of the electricity used for the 2008 Beijing Olympics will be provided by solar and wind power.

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