分布式光伏發(fā)電特指在用戶場(chǎng)地附近建設(shè)，運(yùn)行方式以用戶側(cè)自發(fā)自用、多余電量上網(wǎng)，且在配電系統(tǒng)平衡調(diào)節(jié)為特征的光伏發(fā)電設(shè)施。下面來了解下，分布式光伏發(fā)電的形式、場(chǎng)合及使用地點(diǎn)。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation specifically refers to a photovoltaic power generation facility built near the user's site, operating in a way that is characterized by spontaneous self use on the user's side, excess electricity connected to the grid, and balanced adjustment in the distribution system. Let's take a look at the forms, occasions, and usage locations of distributed photovoltaic power generation.

1、分布式光伏發(fā)電有哪些應(yīng)用形式？

1. What are the application forms of distributed photovoltaic power generation?

分布式光伏發(fā)電包括并網(wǎng)型、離網(wǎng)型及多能互補(bǔ)微網(wǎng)等應(yīng)用形式，并網(wǎng)型分布式發(fā)電多應(yīng)用于用戶附近，一般與中、低壓配電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行，自發(fā)自用，不能發(fā)電或電力不足時(shí)從電網(wǎng)上購電，電力多余時(shí)向網(wǎng)上售電。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation includes application forms such as grid connected, off grid, and multi energy complementary microgrids. Grid connected distributed power generation is mostly applied near users and generally operates in parallel with medium and low voltage distribution networks. It is self used and cannot generate electricity or purchases electricity from the grid when there is insufficient electricity, and sells electricity online when there is excess electricity.

離網(wǎng)型分布式光伏發(fā)電多應(yīng)用于邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)和海島地區(qū)，它不與大電網(wǎng)連接，利用自身的發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)直接向負(fù)荷供電。

Off grid distributed photovoltaic power generation is mostly used in remote and island areas. It is not connected to the large power grid and uses its own power generation and energy storage system to directly supply power to the load.

分布式光伏系統(tǒng)還可以與其它發(fā)電方式組成多能互補(bǔ)微電系統(tǒng)，如水、風(fēng)、光等，既可以作為微電網(wǎng)獨(dú)立運(yùn)行，也可以并入電網(wǎng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)運(yùn)行。

Distributed photovoltaic systems can also form multi energy complementary micro electric systems with other power generation methods, such as water, wind, light, etc. They can operate independently as microgrids or be integrated into the grid for network operation.

2、分布式光伏發(fā)電適用于哪些場(chǎng)合？

2. What are the applications of distributed photovoltaic power generation?

分布式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的適用場(chǎng)合可分為兩大類：

The applicability of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can be divided into two categories:

一是可在全國(guó)各類建筑物和公共設(shè)施上推廣，形成分布式建筑光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，利用當(dāng)?shù)馗黝惤ㄖ锖凸苍O(shè)施建立分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，滿足電力用戶的部分用電需求，為高耗能企業(yè)提供生產(chǎn)用電。

Firstly, it can be promoted on various buildings and public facilities nationwide, forming a distributed building photovoltaic power generation system. By utilizing various local buildings and public facilities, a distributed power generation system can be established to meet the partial electricity demand of power users and provide production electricity for high energy consuming enterprises.

二是可在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)海島等少電無電地區(qū)推廣，形成離網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)或微電網(wǎng)，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的差距原因，我國(guó)仍有部分偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的人口沒有解決基本用電問題。

Secondly, it can be promoted in remote areas such as islands with low electricity and no electricity, forming off grid power generation systems or microgrids. Due to the gap in economic development level, there are still some populations in remote areas in China who have not solved the basic electricity problem.

以往的農(nóng)網(wǎng)工程大多依靠大電網(wǎng)的延申，小水電、小火電等供電，電網(wǎng)延伸困難非常大，且供電半徑過長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致供電能質(zhì)量較差，發(fā)展離網(wǎng)型分布式發(fā)電不僅可以解決處于無電少電地區(qū)居民基本用電問題，還可以清潔高效地利用當(dāng)?shù)氐目稍谏茉?，有效的解決了能源和環(huán)境之間的茅盾。

In the past, most rural power grid projects relied on the extension of the large power grid, small hydropower, small thermal power, and other power sources. The difficulty in extending the power grid was very large, and the power supply radius was too long, resulting in poor power supply quality. Developing off grid distributed generation not only solves the basic electricity consumption problem for residents in areas without electricity and low electricity, but also cleanly and efficiently utilizes local renewable energy, effectively solving the gap between energy and the environment.

3、哪些地點(diǎn)適合安裝分布式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)？

3. Which locations are suitable for installing distributed photovoltaic power generation systems?

工業(yè)領(lǐng)域廠房：特別是在用電量比較大、網(wǎng)購電費(fèi)比較貴的工廠，通常廠房屋頂面積很大，屋頂開闊平整，適合安裝光伏陣列并且由于用電負(fù)荷較大，分布式光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)可以做以就地消納，抵消一部分網(wǎng)購電量，從而節(jié)省用戶的電費(fèi)。

Industrial plants: especially in plants with large power consumption and high online electricity purchase cost, the roof area of the plant is usually large, the roof is open and flat, which is suitable for installing Photovoltaic system. Due to the large power load, the distributed photovoltaic grid connected system can be used to consume locally, offset part of the online electricity purchase, so as to save users' electricity costs.

商業(yè)建筑：與工業(yè)園區(qū)的作用效果類似，不同之處在于商業(yè)建筑多為水泥屋頂，更有利與安裝光伏陣列，但是往往對(duì)建筑美觀性有要求，按照商廈、寫字樓、酒店、會(huì)議中心、度假村等服務(wù)業(yè)的特點(diǎn)，用戶負(fù)荷特性一般表現(xiàn)為白天較高，夜間較低，能夠較好的匹配光伏發(fā)電特性。

Commercial buildings: similar to the effect of industrial parks, the difference is that most commercial buildings are cement roofs, which are more favorable for the installation of Photovoltaic system, but often have requirements for architectural aesthetics. According to the characteristics of commercial buildings, office buildings, hotels, conference centers, resorts and other service industries, the user load characteristics are generally higher in the daytime and lower at night, which can better match the photovoltaic power generation characteristics.