光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)由光伏方陣（光伏方陣由光伏組件串并聯(lián)而成）、控制器、蓄電池組、直流/交流逆變器、光伏支架等部分組成光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的核心部件是光伏組件（由光伏電池串、并聯(lián)并封裝而成），它能夠?qū)⑻柕墓饽苤苯愚D(zhuǎn)化為電能，但光伏組件產(chǎn)生的電為直流電，可以通過利用逆變器將其轉(zhuǎn)換成交流電。從另一個角度來看光伏系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的電能可以即發(fā)即用，也可以用蓄電池等儲能裝置將電能存放起來，在根據(jù)需求隨時釋放出來使用。

The photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array (composed of photovoltaic modules in series and parallel), a controller, a battery pack, a DC/AC inverter, a photovoltaic bracket, and other components. The core component of the photovoltaic power generation system is the photovoltaic module (composed of photovoltaic cells in series, parallel, and packaged), which can directly convert the solar energy into electricity, but the electricity generated by the photovoltaic module is DC, It can be converted into AC power by using an inverter. From another perspective, the electricity generated by photovoltaic systems can be used immediately or stored by energy storage devices such as batteries, which can be released and used at any time according to demand.

光伏電站根據(jù)安裝位置的不同，主要分為地面光伏電站和分布式光伏電站。地面光伏電站是指光伏電池板安裝在地面上的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，需要占用一定的土地資源，通常利用人煙稀少的土地資源發(fā)電。分布式光伏電站是指將光伏電池板安裝在建筑物屋頂、墻面等分布式場所的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，不需要占用額外的土地資源，可利用建筑物空間資源發(fā)電。

Photovoltaic power stations are mainly divided into ground photovoltaic power stations and distributed photovoltaic power stations according to their installation locations. Ground photovoltaic power station refers to a photovoltaic power generation system where photovoltaic panels are installed on the ground, which requires a certain amount of land resources and usually utilizes sparsely populated land resources for power generation. Distributed photovoltaic power stations refer to photovoltaic power generation systems that install photovoltaic panels on distributed locations such as roofs and walls of buildings. They do not require additional land resources and can utilize building spatial resources for power generation.

光伏企業(yè)主要將分布式光伏電站分為工商業(yè)分布式光伏電站和戶用分布式光伏電站。工商業(yè)分布式光伏電站通常安裝在工業(yè)廠房、商場、超市、學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、車站等各類企事業(yè)單位的建筑物屋頂，合同通常是與法人或其他組織簽訂。戶用分布式光伏電站則通常安裝在家庭住宅屋頂或院落內(nèi)，合同通常是與自然人簽訂。

Photovoltaic enterprises mainly divide distributed photovoltaic power stations into industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power stations and household distributed photovoltaic power stations. Industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power plants are usually installed on the roofs of various enterprises and institutions such as industrial factories, shopping malls, supermarkets, schools, hospitals, stations, etc. Contracts are usually signed with legal persons or other organizations. Household distributed photovoltaic power stations are usually installed on the roofs or courtyards of residential buildings, and contracts are usually signed with natural persons.

雖然實踐中，光伏企業(yè)已經(jīng)將分布式光伏電站分為工商業(yè)分布式光伏電站和戶用分布式光伏電站，但在法律上并無“工商業(yè)”和“戶用”對應(yīng)的分類或者概念，不過為了結(jié)合行業(yè)實際，本文聚焦于戶用分布式光伏電站的相關(guān)問題展開。

Although in practice, photovoltaic enterprises have divided distributed photovoltaic power stations into industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power stations and household distributed photovoltaic power stations, there is no legal classification or concept corresponding to "industrial and commercial" and "household". However, in order to combine industry practice, this article focuses on the relevant issues of household distributed photovoltaic power stations.

工商業(yè)分布式光伏電站的建設(shè)能夠讓工商業(yè)建筑屋面資源的擁有者能夠獲得一定的屋頂資源租賃費用或自發(fā)自用余電上網(wǎng)的收益，一定程度上緩解了成本壓力，既能減少能源消耗，又能充分利用閑置資源實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排，給企業(yè)帶來較大的經(jīng)濟效益、環(huán)境效益。同時，工商業(yè)屋頂分布式光伏電站，也將成為未來光伏發(fā)展的重要方向，幫助企業(yè)降低運營成本提高效率，完成綠色轉(zhuǎn)型升級和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

The construction of industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power stations can enable owners of roof resources in industrial and commercial buildings to obtain a certain amount of roof resource rental fees or profits from self generated and self used surplus electricity grid connection, which to some extent alleviates cost pressure. It can reduce energy consumption and fully utilize idle resources to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, bringing significant economic and environmental benefits to enterprises. At the same time, industrial and commercial rooftop distributed photovoltaic power stations will also become an important direction for future photovoltaic development, helping enterprises reduce operating costs, improve efficiency, complete green transformation and upgrading, and achieve high-quality development.