在全球積極探索可持續(xù)能源發(fā)展道路的當(dāng)下，分布式光伏發(fā)電宛如一顆璀璨新星，在能源領(lǐng)域迅速崛起，正深刻改變著傳統(tǒng)的能源格局，為人類帶來(lái)清潔、高效且靈活的能源新選擇。?

At present, as the world actively explores the path of sustainable energy development, distributed photovoltaic power generation is like a brilliant new star, rapidly rising in the energy field and profoundly changing the traditional energy pattern, bringing clean, efficient, and flexible new energy choices to humanity. ?

分布式光伏發(fā)電的工作機(jī)制?

The working mechanism of distributed photovoltaic power generation

分布式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要依托光電效應(yīng)原理。在系統(tǒng)中，核心組件光伏電池組件宛如一個(gè)個(gè)能量收集器，當(dāng)太陽(yáng)光照射到其表面時(shí)，光子與電池內(nèi)的半導(dǎo)體材料相互作用，激發(fā)出電子 - 空穴對(duì)。這些帶電粒子在電場(chǎng)作用下定向移動(dòng)，從而產(chǎn)生直流電。例如常見(jiàn)的單晶硅、多晶硅以及非晶硅光伏電池組件，都能高效地將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。產(chǎn)生的直流電隨后被傳輸至直流匯流箱，在這里，多路直流電進(jìn)行匯總，再統(tǒng)一送入直流配電柜進(jìn)行初步的電力分配與調(diào)控。接著，并網(wǎng)逆變器發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用，它將直流電逆變?yōu)榕c電網(wǎng)頻率、電壓相匹配的交流電，以供建筑自身負(fù)載使用。當(dāng)發(fā)電量超過(guò)建筑自身用電需求時(shí)，多余電力便通過(guò)連接電網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)余電上網(wǎng)；反之，當(dāng)發(fā)電量不足時(shí)，則從電網(wǎng)獲取電力補(bǔ)充，整個(gè)過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)了發(fā)電用電的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡調(diào)節(jié)。?

The distributed photovoltaic power generation system mainly relies on the principle of photoelectric effect. In the system, the core component photovoltaic cell module is like an energy harvester. When sunlight shines on its surface, photons interact with the semiconductor material inside the cell, exciting electron hole pairs. These charged particles move directionally under the action of an electric field, thereby generating direct current. For example, common monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules can efficiently convert solar energy into electrical energy. The generated DC power is then transmitted to the DC combiner box, where multiple channels of DC power are combined and sent to the DC distribution cabinet for preliminary power distribution and regulation. Next, grid connected inverters play a crucial role by converting DC power into AC power that matches the frequency and voltage of the grid, for use by the building's own loads. When the power generation exceeds the building's own electricity demand, the excess electricity is connected to the grid to achieve grid connection; On the contrary, when the power generation is insufficient, it is supplemented by electricity from the power grid, and the entire process achieves dynamic balance regulation of power generation and consumption. ?

分布式光伏發(fā)電的顯著特性?

The significant characteristics of distributed photovoltaic power generation

小型化與靈活性：與動(dòng)輒兆瓦級(jí)的大型集中式光伏電站不同，分布式光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目規(guī)模通常較小，常見(jiàn)的戶用分布式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量可能僅在幾千瓦，而工商業(yè)分布式光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目一般也在數(shù)兆瓦以內(nèi)。?

Miniaturization and flexibility: Unlike large centralized photovoltaic power plants that often reach the megawatt level, distributed photovoltaic power generation projects are usually smaller in scale. The capacity of common household distributed photovoltaic power generation systems may only be a few kilowatts, while industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power generation projects are generally within a few megawatts. ?

環(huán)保清潔無(wú)虞：在整個(gè)發(fā)電過(guò)程中，分布式光伏發(fā)電不涉及任何化石燃料的燃燒，因此不會(huì)產(chǎn)生諸如二氧化硫、氮氧化物、顆粒物等大氣污染物，也不會(huì)排放溫室氣體二氧化碳，對(duì)空氣和水均無(wú)任何污染，從源頭上踐行了綠色環(huán)保理念。以一個(gè)裝機(jī)容量為 10 千瓦的戶用分布式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)為例，假設(shè)其年發(fā)電量為 12000 度，與同等發(fā)電量的火電相比，每年可減少約 9.6 噸二氧化碳排放，相當(dāng)于種植了約 500 棵成年樹(shù)木的碳匯效果。?

Environmentally friendly and clean: Throughout the entire power generation process, distributed photovoltaic power generation does not involve the combustion of any fossil fuels, so it does not produce air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, etc., nor does it emit greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. It has no pollution to air and water, and practices the concept of green environmental protection from the source. Taking a household distributed photovoltaic power generation system with an installed capacity of 10 kilowatts as an example, assuming its annual power generation is 12000 kilowatt hours, compared with the same amount of thermal power generation, it can reduce about 9.6 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year, which is equivalent to the carbon sequestration effect of planting about 500 adult trees. ?

用電模式多元化：分布式光伏發(fā)電具有獨(dú)特的 “自發(fā)自用、余電上網(wǎng)” 模式。對(duì)于用戶而言，白天光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)生的電能優(yōu)先滿足自身生產(chǎn)生活用電需求，減少了對(duì)電網(wǎng)電力的依賴，有效降低了用電成本。而在用電低谷期產(chǎn)生的多余電量，則可輸送至電網(wǎng)，為其他用戶供電，用戶還能因此獲得相應(yīng)的電費(fèi)收益。這種發(fā)電用電并存的模式，既提升了能源利用效率，又為用戶創(chuàng)造了額外的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。

Diversified electricity consumption modes: Distributed photovoltaic power generation has a unique "spontaneous self use, surplus electricity grid connection" mode. For users, the electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation during the day prioritizes meeting their own production and living electricity needs, reducing their dependence on grid electricity and effectively reducing electricity costs. The excess electricity generated during periods of low electricity consumption can be transmitted to the grid to supply power to other users, who can also receive corresponding electricity revenue as a result. This mode of coexistence of power generation and electricity consumption not only improves energy utilization efficiency, but also creates additional economic value for users.

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