光伏能源技術(shù)的發(fā)展

The development of photovoltaic energy technology

　　國內(nèi)外開展了大量光伏發(fā)電關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究，得到了一些新的發(fā)展，主要技術(shù)發(fā)展情況總結(jié)如下： [3]

A large amount of research on key technologies of photovoltaic power generation has been carried out both domestically and internationally, and some new developments have been made. The main technological developments are summarized as follows: [3]

　　光伏電池技術(shù)

Photovoltaic cell technology

　　光伏電池有晶硅電池、薄膜電池和其他電池。其中，晶硅電池是主流，市場份額超過90%，包括單晶硅電池和多晶硅電池。薄膜電池主要有碲化鎘（CdTe）電池、銅銦鎵硒（CIGS）電池、非晶硅（ASi）薄膜電池、砷化鎵電池和納米二氧化鈦染料敏化電池等，其中，CdTe電池技術(shù)發(fā)展最快，市場占有率最高。近年來，新型光伏電池技術(shù)處于探索開發(fā)與創(chuàng)新階段，新出現(xiàn)了鈣鈦礦太陽能電池、量子點(diǎn)太陽能電池等新型電池。鈣鈦礦太陽能電池光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率已超過20%，有望達(dá)到30%。

Photovoltaic cells include crystalline silicon cells, thin film cells, and other types of cells. Among them, crystalline silicon batteries are the mainstream, with a market share of over 90%, including monocrystalline silicon batteries and polycrystalline silicon batteries. Thin film batteries mainly include cadmium telluride (CdTe) batteries, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) batteries, amorphous silicon (ASi) thin film batteries, gallium arsenide batteries, and nano titanium dioxide dye sensitized batteries. Among them, CdTe battery technology develops the fastest and has the highest market share. In recent years, new photovoltaic cell technologies have been in the stage of exploration, development, and innovation, with the emergence of new types of cells such as perovskite solar cells and quantum dot solar cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 20% and is expected to reach 30%.

　　最大功率跟蹤點(diǎn)技術(shù)

Maximum Power Tracking Point Technology

　　最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤技術(shù)（MPPT）即在環(huán)境條件不斷變化的情況下，通過自尋優(yōu)化的過程，使光伏陣列輸出最大功率，從而提高發(fā)電效率?，F(xiàn)有的MPPT算法可分為自尋優(yōu)法和非自尋優(yōu)法兩大類，自尋優(yōu)法包括擾動觀測法、電導(dǎo)增量法、恒定電壓法、短路電流法等，而非自尋優(yōu)法主要是曲線擬合法。

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology refers to the process of self optimization in constantly changing environmental conditions, which enables the photovoltaic array to output maximum power and improve power generation efficiency. The existing MPPT algorithm can be divided into two categories: self optimization method and non self optimization method. Self optimization method includes disturbance observation method, conductivity increment method, constant voltage method, short-circuit current method, etc., while non self optimization method mainly includes curve fitting method.

　　光追蹤增效技術(shù)

Light tracking efficiency enhancement technology

　　利用太陽光追蹤裝置可使光伏系統(tǒng)光能利用率大大提高，因此光追蹤增效技術(shù)是光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要方向，其中包括光追蹤技術(shù)和基于光追蹤技術(shù)的光定向反射技術(shù)（定日鏡）。光線追蹤技術(shù)種類很多，主要有被動跟蹤系統(tǒng)和主動跟蹤系統(tǒng)。

The use of solar tracking devices can greatly improve the utilization of solar energy in photovoltaic systems. Therefore, light tracking efficiency enhancement technology is an important direction for the development of photovoltaic power generation technology, including light tracking technology and light directional reflection technology based on light tracking technology (heliostats). There are many types of ray tracing technologies, mainly passive tracking systems and active tracking systems.

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