屋頂光伏發(fā)電又叫屋頂太陽能光伏發(fā)電，是一種光生伏打系統(tǒng)，其具有它的電產(chǎn)生的太陽能電池板安裝在住宅或商業(yè)建筑或結(jié)構(gòu)的屋頂。這種系統(tǒng)的各種組件包括光伏模塊、安裝系統(tǒng)、電纜、太陽能逆變器和其他電氣附件。

Rooftop photovoltaic power generation, also known as rooftop solar photovoltaic power generation, is a photovoltaic system that generates electricity by installing solar panels on the roofs of residential or commercial buildings or structures. The various components of this system include photovoltaic modules, installation systems, cables, solar inverters, and other electrical accessories.

與容量在兆瓦范圍內(nèi)的地面安裝光伏電站相比，屋頂安裝系統(tǒng)體積小。住宅建筑物上的屋頂光伏系統(tǒng)通常具有約5至20 千瓦（kW）的容量，而安裝在商業(yè)建筑物上的屋頂光伏系統(tǒng)通常會(huì)達(dá)到100千瓦或更高。

Compared to ground mounted photovoltaic power stations with a capacity within the megawatt range, rooftop mounted systems have a smaller volume. Roof photovoltaic systems on residential buildings typically have a capacity of approximately 5 to 20 kilowatts (kW), while roof photovoltaic systems installed on commercial buildings typically reach 100 kilowatts or higher.

一、屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的組成

1、 Composition of rooftop photovoltaic power generation system

屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)由光伏組件、光伏逆變器、光伏支架以及光伏線纜等構(gòu)成。為保證系統(tǒng)安全可靠運(yùn)行，還有綜合設(shè)計(jì)防雷系統(tǒng)、保護(hù)系統(tǒng)、測控系統(tǒng)等配套設(shè)施。

The rooftop photovoltaic power generation system consists of photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic inverters, photovoltaic brackets, and photovoltaic cables. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system, there are also supporting facilities such as comprehensive design of lightning protection systems, protection systems, and measurement and control systems.

二、類型

2、 Type

1、農(nóng)村屋頂光伏發(fā)電

1. Rural rooftop photovoltaic power generation

就是在農(nóng)村，利用農(nóng)民閑置的房頂安裝光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，在光照充足的環(huán)境下發(fā)電。

In rural areas, photovoltaic power generation systems are installed on idle roofs of farmers to generate electricity in a well lit environment.

2、分布式光伏屋頂發(fā)電

2. Distributed photovoltaic rooftop power generation

分布式光伏屋頂發(fā)電特指利用用戶屋頂建設(shè)，運(yùn)行方式以用戶側(cè)自發(fā)自用、多余電量上網(wǎng)，且在配電系統(tǒng)平衡調(diào)節(jié)為特征的光伏發(fā)電設(shè)施。

Distributed photovoltaic rooftop power generation specifically refers to photovoltaic power generation facilities that utilize user rooftops for construction, operate spontaneously on the user side, generate excess electricity on the grid, and are characterized by balanced regulation in the distribution system.

3、別墅屋頂光伏發(fā)電

3. Villa roof photovoltaic power generation

這種是利用別墅屋頂斜面瓦安裝導(dǎo)軌平鋪光伏組或水平屋頂利用下面支架支撐光伏組的形式的光伏發(fā)電設(shè)施。

This is a photovoltaic power generation facility that uses sloping tiles on the roof of a villa to install guide rails and lay photovoltaic panels flat, or a horizontal roof to support photovoltaic panels with brackets underneath.

4、家庭屋頂光伏發(fā)電

4. Home rooftop photovoltaic power generation

家庭屋頂光伏發(fā)電是指建設(shè)在住宅屋項(xiàng)上的分布式光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目。運(yùn)行方式分為用戶側(cè)自發(fā)自用、余電上網(wǎng)，全額電量上網(wǎng)和全部用戶側(cè)消納三種形式。

Household rooftop photovoltaic power generation refers to distributed photovoltaic power generation projects built on residential properties. The operation mode is divided into three forms: user side spontaneous self use, residual power grid connection, full power grid connection, and full user side consumption.

5、工廠屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)

5. Factory rooftop photovoltaic power generation system

工廠屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)通常是指利用工廠屋頂分散式太陽能資源，裝機(jī)規(guī)模較小的、布置在企業(yè)廠房附近的太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，它一般接入低于35KV或更低電壓等級(jí)的電網(wǎng)。工廠屋頂太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)特指采用光伏組件，將太陽能直接轉(zhuǎn)換為電能的分布式太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。

The factory rooftop photovoltaic power generation system usually refers to a small-scale solar power generation system that utilizes dispersed solar energy resources on the factory roof and is arranged near the enterprise factory building. It is generally connected to a power grid with a voltage level below 35KV or lower. The factory rooftop solar power generation system specifically refers to a distributed solar power generation system that uses photovoltaic modules to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy.

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