光伏發(fā)電是根據(jù)光生伏打效應(yīng)原理，利用太陽(yáng)電池將太陽(yáng)光能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。不論是獨(dú)立使用還是并網(wǎng)發(fā)電，光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要由太陽(yáng)電池板（組件）、控制器和逆變器三大部分組成，它們主要由電子元器件構(gòu)成，不涉及機(jī)械部件，所以，光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備極為精煉，可靠穩(wěn)定壽命長(zhǎng)、安裝維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)便。理論上講，光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)可以用于任何需要電源的場(chǎng)合，上至航天器，下至家用電源，大到兆瓦級(jí)電站，小到玩具，光伏電源可以無(wú)處不在。

Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, photovoltaic power generation systems mainly consist of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers, and inverters. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical components. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable, with a long service life and easy installation and maintenance. In theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation that requires power, from spacecraft to household power sources, from megawatt level power plants to toys, photovoltaic power can be ubiquitous.

分類(lèi)發(fā)電模式

Classified power generation mode

太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電分光熱發(fā)電和光伏發(fā)電。不論產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)量、發(fā)展速度和發(fā)展前景、光熱發(fā)電都趕不上光伏發(fā)電?？赡芤蚬夥l(fā)電普及較廣而接觸光熱發(fā)電較少，通常民間所說(shuō)的太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電往往指的就是太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)光電。

Solar power generation is divided into photothermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation. Regardless of production and sales volume, development speed and prospects, solar thermal power generation cannot catch up with photovoltaic power generation. Perhaps due to the widespread popularity of photovoltaic power generation, there is less exposure to photothermal power generation. The term solar power generation commonly referred to by the public refers to solar photovoltaic power generation, abbreviated as photovoltaics.

輸送方式

Transportation method

太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電分為獨(dú)立光伏發(fā)電與并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電

Solar photovoltaic power generation is divided into independent photovoltaic power generation and grid connected photovoltaic power generation

獨(dú)立光伏發(fā)電

Independent photovoltaic power generation

獨(dú)立光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)也叫離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。主要由太陽(yáng)能電池組件、控制器、蓄電池組成，若要為交流負(fù)載供電，還需要配置交流逆變器。

Independent photovoltaic power generation systems, also known as off grid photovoltaic power generation systems. It mainly consists of solar cell components, controllers, and batteries. To supply power to AC loads, an AC inverter is also required.

并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電

Grid connected photovoltaic power generation

并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)就是太陽(yáng)能組件產(chǎn)生的直流電經(jīng)過(guò)并網(wǎng)逆變器轉(zhuǎn)換成符合市電電網(wǎng)要求的交流電這后直接接入公共電網(wǎng)。并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)有集中式大型并網(wǎng)光伏電站一般都是級(jí)電站，主要特點(diǎn)是將所發(fā)電能直接輸送到電網(wǎng)，由電網(wǎng)統(tǒng)一調(diào)配向用戶(hù)供電。但這種電站投資大、建設(shè)周期長(zhǎng)、占地面積大，發(fā)展難度相對(duì)較大。而分散式小型并網(wǎng)光伏系統(tǒng)，特別是光伏建筑一體化發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，由于投資小、建設(shè)快、占地面積小、政策支持力度大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電的主流。

Grid connected photovoltaic power generation system refers to the direct current generated by solar modules being converted into AC power that meets the requirements of the municipal power grid through grid connected inverters, and then directly connected to the public power grid. Grid connected photovoltaic power generation systems have centralized large-scale grid connected photovoltaic power stations, which are generally national level power stations. The main feature is to directly transmit the generated energy to the grid, which is uniformly distributed by the grid to provide power to users. However, this type of power station has high investment, long construction period, large land area, and relatively high development difficulty. Distributed small-scale grid connected photovoltaic systems, especially photovoltaic building integrated power generation systems, are the mainstream of grid connected photovoltaic power generation due to their advantages such as small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and strong policy support.

理論

theory

光伏發(fā)電是根據(jù)光生伏特效應(yīng)原理,利用太陽(yáng)能電池將太陽(yáng)光能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。不論是獨(dú)立使用還是并網(wǎng)發(fā)電,光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要由太陽(yáng)能電池板（組件）、控制器和逆變器三大部分組成，它們主要由電子元器件構(gòu)成，不涉及機(jī)械部件,所以,光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備極為精煉,可靠穩(wěn)定壽命長(zhǎng)、安裝維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)便。理論上講,光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)可以用于任何需要電源的場(chǎng)合,上至航天器,下至家用電源,大到兆瓦級(jí)電站,小到玩具,光伏電源無(wú)處不在。國(guó)產(chǎn)晶體硅電池效率在10至13%左右，國(guó)外同類(lèi)產(chǎn)品效率約12至14%。由一個(gè)或多個(gè)太陽(yáng)能電池片組成的太陽(yáng)能電池板稱(chēng)為光伏組件。

Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electricity. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, photovoltaic power generation systems mainly consist of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers, and inverters. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical components. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable, with a long lifespan and easy installation and maintenance. In theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation that requires power, from spacecraft to household power sources, from megawatt level power plants to toys, photovoltaic power is everywhere. The efficiency of domestically produced crystalline silicon batteries is around 10% to 13%, while the efficiency of similar foreign products is about 12% to 14%. A solar panel composed of one or more solar cells is called a photovoltaic module.

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