光伏發(fā)電是利用半導(dǎo)體界面的光生伏特效應(yīng)，將光能直接轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔艿囊环N技術(shù)。主要由太陽能電池板（組件）、控制器和逆變器三大部分組成，主要部件由電子元器件構(gòu)成。太陽能電池經(jīng)過串聯(lián)后進(jìn)行封裝保護(hù)，可形成大面積的太陽能電池組件，再配合上控制器等部件就形成了光伏發(fā)電裝置。光伏發(fā)電的優(yōu)點(diǎn)太陽能資源分布廣泛且取之不盡、用之不竭。

Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that utilizes the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interfaces to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. It mainly consists of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers, and inverters, with the main components composed of electronic components. After being connected in series and packaged for protection, solar cells can form a large area of solar cell components, which, in conjunction with components such as controllers, form a photovoltaic power generation device. The advantages of photovoltaic power generation are that solar energy resources are widely distributed and inexhaustible.

因此，光伏發(fā)電是一種具可持續(xù)發(fā)展理想特征（豐富的資源和潔凈的發(fā)電過程）的可再生能源發(fā)電技術(shù)，具有以下主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)

Therefore, photovoltaic power generation is a renewable energy generation technology with the most sustainable development ideal characteristics (the richest resources and the cleanest power generation process), which has the following main advantages
 

1、太陽能資源取之不盡，用之不竭，照射到地球上的太陽能要比人類目前消耗的能量大6000倍。而且太陽能在地球上分布廣泛，只要有光照的地方就可以使用光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，不受地域、海拔等因素的限制。

1. Solar energy resources are inexhaustible, and the amount of solar energy that shines on Earth is 6000 times greater than the energy currently consumed by humans. Moreover, solar energy is widely distributed on Earth, and photovoltaic power generation systems can be used wherever there is light, regardless of geographical or altitude limitations.

2、太陽能資源隨處可得，可就近供電，不必長(zhǎng)距離輸送，避免了長(zhǎng)距離輸電線路所造成的電能損失。

2. Solar energy resources are readily available and can be supplied locally without the need for long-distance transmission, avoiding energy losses caused by long-distance transmission lines.

3、光伏發(fā)電的能量轉(zhuǎn)換過程簡(jiǎn)單，是直接從光能到電能的轉(zhuǎn)換，沒有中間過程（如熱能轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能、機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為電磁能等）和機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)，不存在機(jī)械磨損。根據(jù)熱力學(xué)分析，光伏發(fā)電具有很高的理論發(fā)電效率，可達(dá)80％以上，技術(shù)開發(fā)潛力巨大。

3. The energy conversion process of photovoltaic power generation is simple, directly converting light energy to electrical energy, without intermediate processes (such as converting thermal energy to mechanical energy, converting mechanical energy to electromagnetic energy, etc.) and mechanical motion, and there is no mechanical wear and tear. According to thermodynamic analysis, photovoltaic power generation has a high theoretical power generation efficiency of over 80%, and has great potential for technological development.