Industrial and commercial roofs with high electricity price and large power consumption are the best roof resources, such as large industrial enterprises and shopping malls; The second is the owner units with low electricity consumption and low electricity price, such as the roofs of schools and hospitals, municipal buildings, and logistics centers.

四、建筑屋頂情況

4、 Building roof condition

建筑產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬、設(shè)計(jì)使用壽命、材質(zhì)、面積和朝向等也直接影響了分布式光伏電站是否可行及安裝量。

The ownership of building property, design service life, material, area and orientation also directly affect the feasibility and installation of distributed photovoltaic power stations.

建筑產(chǎn)權(quán)歸企業(yè)業(yè)主或當(dāng)?shù)卣校瑒t適宜開(kāi)發(fā)；租賃的廠房不適宜。同時(shí)工業(yè)廠房屋頂一般是彩鋼板，在項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)需了解屋頂能使用的年限，年限太短不適宜進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)。

If the building property is owned by the enterprise owner or local government, it is suitable for development; The leased plant is not suitable. At the same time, the roof of industrial plant is generally made of color steel plate. During project development, it is necessary to know the service life of the roof. The service life is too short for development.

單個(gè)企業(yè)屋頂面積或屋頂總面積好不少于10000平方米的屋頂（約可安裝1MW）。同時(shí)踏勘時(shí)需量出屋頂方位角、屋頂傾斜角度和周圍遮擋物如女兒墻的高度，以便后期確定系統(tǒng)裝機(jī)量和發(fā)電量。

The roof area or total roof area of a single enterprise should be no less than 10000 square meters (about 1MW can be installed). At the same time, it is necessary to measure the roof azimuth angle, roof tilt angle and the height of the surrounding shelter, such as the parapet, so as to determine the installed capacity and power generation of the system in the later stage.

五、建筑屋面荷載

5、 Building roof load

屋面荷載分為恒荷載和可變荷載。

Roof load is divided into dead load and variable load.

恒荷載是指結(jié)構(gòu)自重及灰塵荷載等，光伏電站需要運(yùn)營(yíng)25年，其自重屬于恒荷載。通常鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房上裝光伏系統(tǒng)每平米會(huì)增加15公斤的重量，磚混結(jié)構(gòu)廠房的屋頂每平米會(huì)增加80公斤的重量。在項(xiàng)目考察時(shí)，需要著重查看建筑設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明中恒荷載的設(shè)計(jì)值，并落實(shí)除屋面自重外，是否額外增加其他荷載，如管道、吊置設(shè)備、屋面附屬物等，并落實(shí)恒荷載是否有裕量能夠安裝光伏電站。

Dead load refers to the dead weight of the structure and dust load, etc. The photovoltaic power station needs to operate for 25 years, and its dead weight belongs to dead load. Generally, the weight of the photovoltaic system installed on the steel structure plant will increase by 15 kg per square meter, and the weight of the roof of the brick-concrete structure plant will increase by 80 kg per square meter. During the project investigation, it is necessary to focus on the design value of the dead load in the architectural design description, and determine whether other loads are added in addition to the roof dead weight, such as pipes, suspended equipment, roof accessories, and determine whether there is margin for the dead load to install the photovoltaic power station.

可變荷載是考慮極限狀況下暫時(shí)施加于屋面的荷載，分為風(fēng)荷載、雪荷載、地震荷載、活荷載等，是不可以占用的。特殊情況下，活荷載可以作為分擔(dān)光伏電站荷載的選項(xiàng)，但不可以占用過(guò)多，需要具體分析。

Variable load refers to the load temporarily imposed on the roof under the limit condition. It is divided into wind load, snow load, seismic load, live load, etc., and cannot be occupied. Under special circumstances, the live load can be used as an option to share the load of the photovoltaic power station, but it cannot occupy too much, which requires specific analysis.

在項(xiàng)目踏勘時(shí)，需要項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)人員從業(yè)主方獲取房屋結(jié)構(gòu)圖，便于計(jì)算屋頂荷載。

During the project survey, the project developer is required to obtain the house structure drawing from the owner to calculate the roof load.

六、屋頂支架型式

6、 Roof support type

建筑屋頂主要有彩鋼瓦、陶瓷瓦、鋼混等幾種，彩鋼瓦分為直立鎖邊型、咬口型型、卡扣型型、固定件連接型。前兩種需要專用轉(zhuǎn)接件，后兩種需要打孔固定；陶瓷瓦屋面可以使用專用轉(zhuǎn)接件，也可以不與屋面固定，利用自重和屋面坡度附著其上；鋼混結(jié)構(gòu)屋面需要制作支架基礎(chǔ)，基礎(chǔ)與屋面可以生根也可以不生根，關(guān)鍵考慮屋面防水、抗風(fēng)載能力、屋面設(shè)計(jì)荷載等因素。

The roof of the building mainly includes color steel tile, ceramic tile, steel concrete, etc. The color steel tile is divided into vertical locking type, bite type, buckle type, and fastener connection type. The first two need special adapters, and the latter two need to be punched and fixed; The ceramic tile roof can be attached to it by its own weight and roof slope without using special adapters or fixed with the roof; The steel-concrete structure roof needs to make a support foundation. The foundation and roof can take root or not. The key consideration is roof waterproof, wind load resistance, roof design load and other factors.

七、配電設(shè)施及并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)

7、 Distribution facilities and connection points

配電設(shè)備是光伏電站選擇并網(wǎng)方案的根據(jù)之一，主要考查內(nèi)容有：

The power distribution equipment is one of the bases for selecting the grid-connected scheme of the photovoltaic power station, and the main contents of the examination include:

1）廠區(qū)變壓器容量、數(shù)量、母聯(lián)、負(fù)荷比例等；

1) Capacity, quantity, buscouple, load ratio, etc. of transformer in the plant;

2）廠區(qū)計(jì)量表位置、母排規(guī)格、開(kāi)關(guān)規(guī)格型號(hào)等；

2) The location of the meter in the plant, the specification of the busbar, the specification and model of the switch, etc;

3）廠區(qū)是否配備獨(dú)立的配電室，是否配電設(shè)備是否有備用的間隔，如沒(méi)有是否可以壓接母排；

3) Whether the plant is equipped with an independent power distribution room, whether the power distribution equipment has a spare interval, and if not, whether the bus can be crimped;

4）優(yōu)先選擇變壓器總?cè)萘看?，?fù)荷比例大的用戶；

4) Priority shall be given to users with large total transformer capacity and large load proportion;

5）查看進(jìn)線總開(kāi)關(guān)的容量，考慮收益問(wèn)題，光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的輸出電流不宜大于戶用開(kāi)關(guān)的容量；

5) Check the capacity of the main switch of the incoming line. Considering the income, the output current of the photovoltaic power generation system should not be greater than the capacity of the household switch;

6）以走線方便節(jié)約的原則，考慮逆變器、并網(wǎng)柜的安裝位置。

6) In the principle of convenient and economical wiring, consider the installation position of inverter and grid-connected cabinet.

八、用戶用電量及用電價(jià)格

8、 Consumer electricity consumption and electricity price

分布式光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目重要的就是所發(fā)電量就地消耗，因此需要考察：

The most important thing of distributed photovoltaic power generation project is the local consumption of the generated energy. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate:

1）企業(yè)年、月、日均用電量，白天用電量、用電高峰時(shí)段及比例；

1) Average annual, monthly and daily electricity consumption of enterprises, daytime electricity consumption, peak hours and proportion of electricity consumption;

2）企業(yè)用電價(jià)格，白天用電加權(quán)價(jià)格。

2) The price of electricity used by enterprises is the weighted price of electricity used during the day.