工商業(yè)BIPV建筑一體化光伏組件，一般采用層壓機封裝，易產(chǎn)生的問題主要有以下幾方面：組件本身設計不合理、組件內部氣泡、組件邊緣空膠、電池串位置移動、電池片碎片等。下面來講講工商業(yè)BIPV建筑一體化光伏常見問題及解決辦法。

Industrial and commercial BIPV building integrated PV modules are generally packaged with laminated press, and the main problems are as follows: unreasonable design of the module itself, internal bubbles of the module, empty glue at the edge of the module, position movement of the battery string, cell chip fragments, etc. Let's talk about the common problems and solutions of industrial and commercial BIPV building integration PV.

組件設計方面

Component design

在滿足透光率和光電的轉換效率的前提下，電池片間距盡量小，電池片到玻璃邊緣的距離盡量大。組件在層壓階段，層壓機的硅膠板與組件表面接觸，組件表面受到硅膠板向下的壓力，硅膠板逐漸作用于玻璃邊緣，此時，玻璃邊緣分別受到一個向下的壓力及向組件內部的分應力。此時如果電池片距離玻璃邊緣太近，焊帶就很有可能彎曲。

On the premise of meeting the transmittance and photoelectric conversion efficiency, the distance between the cells should be as small as possible, and the distance between the cells and the glass edge should be as large as possible. In the lamination stage of the module, the silica gel plate of the laminator contacts with the surface of the module, and the surface of the module is subjected to downward pressure of the silica gel plate. The silica gel plate gradually acts on the glass edge. At this time, the glass edge is subjected to a downward pressure and a component stress towards the interior of the module. At this time, if the battery is too close to the glass edge, the welding strip is likely to bend.

組件氣泡方面

Component bubble

.1、組件預壓完成后出現(xiàn)的氣泡：

. 1 Bubbles after component preloading:

抽真空不充分，PVB內部有空氣殘留。解決的方法是：調整層壓工藝參數(shù)，適當延長抽真空時間；PVB膠片的存儲環(huán)境不合格（由于PVB膠片的吸水性極強，儲存條件有嚴格的要求：相對溫度18-20°C，相對濕度25-30%）；PVB厚度不均勻，造成局部充填不良；鋼化玻璃自身的彎曲度不同，導致兩層玻璃間存在縫隙；上下兩片玻璃尺寸大小不同，導致敷設組件時上下玻璃不能完全對齊。

The vacuum is not sufficient, and there is air residue inside the PVB. The solution is to adjust the laminating process parameters and appropriately extend the vacuum pumping time; The storage environment of PVB film is unqualified (due to the strong water absorption of PVB film, there are strict requirements for storage conditions: relative temperature 18-20 ° C, relative humidity 25-30%); The thickness of PVB is uneven, resulting in poor local filling; The bending degree of toughened glass itself is different, resulting in gaps between the two layers of glass; The size of the upper and lower pieces of glass is different, resulting in that the upper and lower glass cannot be completely aligned when laying components.

2、組件內部氣泡回返現(xiàn)象

2. Bubble return phenomenon inside the module

生產(chǎn)出的合格組件在放置一端時間后，組件的邊緣出現(xiàn)了氣泡，具體解決方法如下：

After the qualified components are placed at one end of the time, bubbles appear at the edge of the components. The specific solutions are as follows:

①在真空預壓生產(chǎn)完畢后，待組件冷卻下來，就要將組件進行高壓釜固化處理，預壓組件在現(xiàn)場放置時間不得超過24小時，否則也會造成氣泡回返現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。

① After the completion of vacuum preloading production, after the module cools down, the module should be autoclaved for curing. The preloading module should not be placed on site for more than 24 hours, otherwise it will also cause bubble return.

②在層壓后組件邊緣涂抹二丁酯化學試劑：組件在進入高壓釜之前在組件四周的PVB膠片上涂抹二丁酯后，讓二丁酯加速融化PVB，對于氣泡的控制可以起到一定的作用。

② Apply the dibutyl ester chemical reagent on the edge of the laminated module: before the module enters the autoclave, apply the dibutyl ester on the PVB film around the module, and let the dibutyl ester accelerate the melting of PVB, which can play a certain role in the control of bubbles.

3、高壓釜固化后組件氣泡未趕出

3. The component bubbles are not ejected after autoclave curing

真空預壓階段的溫度高，時間長，導致組件氣泡的產(chǎn)生，需要調節(jié)真空預壓的溫度及時間；高壓釜固化階段，沒有對氣泡進行上夾處理，需要對氣泡處做上夾處理；組件邊緣膠片過薄，導致氣泡處膠量稀少，需要增加一層PVB膠片。

The high temperature and long time in the vacuum preloading stage lead to the generation of bubbles in the module. The temperature and time of vacuum preloading need to be adjusted; In the autoclave curing stage, the air bubbles were not clamped, and the air bubbles need to be clamped; The film at the edge of the module is too thin, resulting in a thin amount of glue at the bubble, so it is necessary to add a layer of PVB film.

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